Classed Choropleth Maps

http://geoanalytics.net/and/papers/ica01.pdf

A Classed Choropleth map is just a choropleth map that separates the measured variable into certain classifications.  These maps use smaller intervals to portray the data and are broken down into a scale that is presented by using colored intervals.  The classed choropleth map above displays the birth rates of Europe by shading the countries different colors. 

Star Plots

http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/starplot.htm

A star plot is useful for displaying multivariate data with each star representing a single observation.  The star plots above are of 16 different cars with many variables being plotted and analyzed. 

Correlation Matrix

http://www.investors-routemap.co.uk/Guidebook_price_correlation.html

A correlation matrix is a table that contains correlation coefficients among several markets in different time frames.  The correlation matrix above is displaying the relationships between the principal bond and forex markets as well as equity regions, sectors, and investing styles for which Investors RouteMap generates recommendations.  

Similarity Matrix

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/353/

A similarity matrix is a matrix of scores which represent the similarity between a number of data points and each element of the matrix contains a measure of similarity between two of the data points.  The image above is a similarity matrix that is displaying gene expression. 

Stem and Leaf Plot

http://www.albany.edu/~reinhold/m308/Assgnmt1_HowTo.htm
A stem and leaf plot is a way of organizing numerical data in order of place of value.  These plots are useful in determining the frequency of a specific data point.  The stem and leaf plot above shows the distribution of adult heights. 

Box plot

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_plot

A box plot graphical depicts groups of numerical data through their quartiles.  The box plot above graphs data from the Michelson-Morley experiment. 

Histogram

http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/histogram

A histogram displays statistical information by using rectangles to show the frequency of data items in successive numerical intervals of equal size.  Most commonly, the independent variable is plotted on the horizontal axis while the dependent variable is plotted on the vertical axis.  The histogram above is plotting the number of students and their scores on the final exam.